The 2022 Form 4 exams did not leak, the national examiner has said.

The Kenya National Examination Council absolved itself of blame over supposed leakages of examination materials, saying parents were duped into paying millions of shillings for fake papers.

Knec CEO David Njeng’ere on Thursday told the National Assembly Education committee led by Tinderet MP Julius Melly in Mombasa claims of exam papers on sale are usually made by fraudsters.

“We will share the social media sites that claim to have those ‘genuine’ examination papers. People pay money to rogue agents. They have been made to believe those sharing the papers are Knec officers. They are not,” Njeng’ere said.

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The committee is probing allegations of cheating in the 2022 KCSE.

On Thursday, the committee grilled Education CS Ezekiel Machogu, PS Belio Kipsang and Knec CEO Njeng’ere at PrideInn Paradise Hotel in Mombasa.

Njeng’ere said national examination papers are usually accessed by a limited number of people once they are set.

“It is not possible for people to access those examination papers prior,” the CEO told the committee, and gave them a challenge.

“Enter those social media sites, get those papers and keep them. Wait for November and compare them with the actual papers,” Njeng’ere said.

On claims that some examination centre managers, who are the principals of the schools, had prior knowledge of what practicals would be done, the CEO acknowledged the council usually sends advance instruction to schools.

However, the instructions only direct the centre managers to prepare certain solutions and other reagents or instruments in parcels clearly marked confidential.

“These advance instructions don’t come with questions that candidates will be given,” said the CEO, adding that some principals share the instructions with people, misleading the masses.

He however said there is no other way than to send the advance instructions to ask schools to prepare for the practicals.

He defended the council against claims of weaponisation of the examination, with legislators and some parents taking issue with the deployment of heavy security around examination areas.

Njeng’ere said the multi-agency approach to examination was introduced in the 2016 reforms to bring back the credibility of national examinations.

CS Machogu and PS Kipsang said the ministry has proposed amendments to the Knec Act of 2012 to include the 2016 reforms, saying most of the things that were brought about by the reforms are yet to be anchored in law.

For instance, according the Act, exam papers are supposed to be kept in police armouries. However, the 2016 reforms introduced containers where the exam papers are now kept.

Marakwet West MP Timothy Kipchumba accused Knec of becoming a law unto itself because there is no proper oversight of the council.

He suggested the establishment of a Kenya National Examination Regulatory Authority to keep Knec in check.

However, Njeng’ere said the council has not done anything outside the law and cannot be said to have become a law unto itself.

“We have not at any point exceeded the powers given to us in law,” he noted.

He said the council has been constrained on the budgetary front and called on the MPs to lobby for a bigger allocation.

He said the issues with the striking examiners that were witnessed in the 2022 KCSE exam were not a creation of Knec.

“Before 2016, Knec used to collect examination fees from learners and these were used for administration of the exams. However, this was scrapped and the government took over the fees,” the CEO said.

Instead, the government started giving the council a flat Sh4 billion grant when the candidates population was about 500,000 in 2016.

However, to date, the grant has remained more or less the same but the candidates population has almost doubled.

“We are the only institution not funded based on per capita. We are given flat grant. This grant cannot meet the needs of the examiners, exams and other related issues,” Njeng’ere said.

Melly said some of the problems with the national exams are a result of poor funding.

The MP said they will recommend better funding of the council so as to better administer national exams.

“So that it is able to pay examiners on time, have very good facilities, make sure the marking centres are improved,” Melly said.

The Kenya National Examination Council (Knec) is yet on another spot over examination irregularities.

This time, the Kenya Union of Post-Primary Education Teachers (Kuppet) has exposed KNEC under allegations of trading with exam papers for profits.

Harrison Odoto, executive secretary of KUPPET Kakamega and a teacher at a local school claims he was once approached by a KNEC official who told him the heavier he paid, the earlier he could get exam leakage.

Odoto observed that the competitive nature of education in the country pushed teachers into colluding with parents and candidates to cheat.

“One of the factors that are considered during interviews for promotion by the Teachers Service Commission is your school’s mean score especially when you are among the senior teachers in a school, that makes some teachers cheat to get high mean scores as some parents will chase you from a school if the performance is below their expectation,” he said.

And in Another session in Machakos, Kuppet Executive Secretary Musembi Katuku, claimed KCSE exam papers were available on various social media platforms long before the opening of containers.

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Some parents, teachers, and other stakeholders want the council to be restructured or disbanded to stop the menace.

Speaking to the National Assembly Education Committee, which is probing allegations of cheating in last year’s Form Four examination, they said there was little to celebrate in the good results schools post fearing, that half the time such results were doctored.

“I have been a teacher and even a deputy examiner in Kiswahili. You could notice anomalies in the process of exam marking, and whenever you raised the issue with KNEC, no action was taken. In some cases, you could be victimised, ask any exam maker if in doubt,” said Nelson Majimbo, a retired high school teacher, in Kakamega.

“The so-called top schools are just that by name. Their school heads are always calling the examiners on phone, to adjust their results to maintain their top status at a premium fee.”

He said that the process of filing a complaint against a cheating school or candidates was also tedious as it involved doing a detailed report.
The participants who gathered at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST) feared that the illegal “motivation fee” that schools have been demanding from examination classes could in fact, form part of the premium amounts teachers use to “buy’’ good grades.

Bottom of Form

Masinde Muliro University Vice Chancellor Solomon Shibairo said cheating boiled down to moral decay in society calling for a paradigm shift in the value system.

“I happened to be in Canada for studies and exam cheating was hardly talked about because society rewarded and cherished integrity. We ought to think of ways of appreciating truth and integrity for us to walk out of the mess,” he said.

The VC added that if exam cheating persisted, universities could even consider doing an entry exam as the credentials of candidates tested by KNEC would be in high doubt.

Nabii Nabwera (MP, Lugari), Jerusha Momanyi (Woman MP Nyamira ), Christine Ombaka (Siaya Woman, MP), Professor Phylis Bartoo (MP, Moiben), and Peter Oreo (MP, Kibra) expressed optimism that their report would bring some sanity in the education sector.

“We have been to Nakuru, Eldoret, Nyamira, and Mombasa and the attitude among the public, especially education stakeholders, has been that of change. They don’t want fraudulent As but genuine grades that show a true reflection of a student and our education system. We shall build on that,” said Momanyi.

The national examinations agency has been put on the spot over perennial exam leaks.

The National Assembly committee on Education has accused the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC) of actively facilitating examination leaks, including in last year’s Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination.

The committee, in its preliminary findings, accused KNEC officials of colluding with school administrators and parents to sell examination papers.

Committee chairman Julius Melly warned that the perpetrators will be dealt with firmly once the committee tables its findings in Parliament in the next two months.

“From confessions and talks by members of public, that one thing that is quite true and cutting across is that there was cheating in the 2022 KCSE, and the cheating in most of the exams originated from KNEC, the council itself is actually the main source of cheating. It is alleged that the council is the one selling its exams,” said Melly.

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The committee also attributed cases of cheating to the pressure exerted on head teachers, by their employer, the Teachers Service Commission (TSC), to deliver good results so that they can be promoted.

This, he noted, forces the teachers to go the extra mile, including buying examination papers, to meet their targets.

“We want to investigate the extent at which the cheating went. The decision will be tough, we will make sure that this cheating stops. We are collecting views from the public so that we can know where exam cheating gaps are so that we can seal them. We are also here to find out if certain schools were awarded marks more than others in the just concluded KCSE exam,” said Melly.

“We will summon KNEC officials to come to the committee and explain why they leaked papers. We will eliminate this problem once and for all,” Melly added.

Melly said the committee will make recommendations spelling punitive measures against those found culpable.

The committee will further review the KNEC laws to remove any loopholes that facilitate examination cheating, Melly said.

In its public engagements yesterday, the committee was told that some schools pay as much as Sh1 million to get exam leakages to sustain their reputation as academic giants in the country.

Teachers who sought anonymity for fear of reprisals from authorities alleged that some national and private schools were notorious for buying examination papers from unscrupulous KNEC officials.

Kenya Union of Post Primary Education Teachers (KUPPET) Executive Secretary Mombasa branch Lynatte Khamadi claimed that some principals colluded with students who disappear from the school after being registered for the Form Four examination only to reappear during exam rehearsals to sneak in exam leakages.

“We have noted that some students deliberately commit offences so that they can be suspended, then they go out of their way to buy exam papers. These are the ones who sneak leakages to their fellow students. As school heads, we want to be helped because the law does not allow us to deregister (candidates),” said Khamadi.

The MPs were told that marking schemes were also leaked and generated to students before they sit for examinations through well-coordinated schemes and networks of people.

It also emerged that teachers who set examinations also collude with principals of some top public and private schools to leak questions that will appear in final national examinations. Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT) Kilindini chapter led by secretary Dan Aloo demanded good pay for teachers who mark the examination to motivate and insulate them from being influenced.

A number of Teachers and parents have alleged that a section of teachers aid in examination irregularities to earn promotions.

A teacher in Uasin Gishu revealed that TSC promotes teachers based on results in KCSE, and that pushes teachers to aid in exam malpractice.

“TSC has been promoting teachers based on performance in national examinations. Many teachers are tempted to aid malpractices for their students to pass, and as a result, get their promotions,” the teacher said.

Speaking to the National Assembly Committee on Education in Eldoret, a teacher called for an investigation into the deployment of examination supervisors and invigilators, claiming it was a scheme used by some officials and school heads to facilitate cheating.

According to the committee, education stakeholders raised questions about a number of schools where cheating in last year’s exams is alleged to have taken place.

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The committee commenced investigations into alleged examinations cheating in the last year’s Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), which raised eyebrows after some schools recorded a sharp increase in mean grades.

The committee said schools accused of condoning irregularities during the hearings would have an opportunity to tell their story.

Kenya National Examinations Council has confirmed that KCSE 2022 examiners will NOT be paid, until the council receives funds.

KNEC chief executive officer David Njengere was speaking before the Public Investments Committee on Education and Governance.

“We administer exams then pay in advance, and the balance is paid later. As soon as we get the supplementary budget from the Treasury we will pay the examiners,” he said.

According to Njengere, the funding deficit has crippled activities like examiners’ payments.

“We would have already paid the examiners for the work they did, we just don’t have money,” Njengere said.

The committee chair Wanami Wamboka said the team seeks to ensure the council is well-funded.

“It’s in our best interest to ensure that KNEC is well funded and remains afloat,” Wamboka said.

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Last week, the secondary school teachers union gave KNEC two weeks to pay examiners who took part in the 2022 KCSE marking.

In a statement, Kuppet chair Omboko Milemba said the council has delayed the release of payment for two months.

“More than 50,000 examiners who marked the papers have not been paid their wages. This is despite the huge sacrifices the examiners made, “Milemba said.

The union chair further faulted the council for subjecting the examiners to not-so-good conditions during the marking process.

The National Assembly committee investigating alleged cheating on the 2022 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) has established that Pressure by the teachers’ service commission (TSC) and other stakeholders on school principals to post impressive results may have led to the glaring malpractices.

The National Assembly’s Departmental Committee on Education, gathered that pressure on school heads, from parents, the society and the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) to post impressive results contributed to irregularities in the KCSE exams.

Led by National Assembly Education Committee chairman Julius Melly, the team kicked off investigations on the alleged malpractices in the 2022 exams on Monday.

Stakeholders also blamed the Kenya National Examination Council (Knec) and the general public for the vice that saw learners get illegitimate grades.

Nakuru County chairman for Kenya Secondary School Heads Association (KESSHA) Kamu Manyara, attributed the pressure to school heads’ engagement in unethical practices to produce ‘impressive grades’.

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In a memorandum to the committee, Mr Manyara regretted incidents reported of school heads being frog marched out of their facilities by politicians and parents, when candidates fail saying such pressure drives them into unethical practices.

“We have heard of school heads frog marched or chased from institutions by politicians and parents because learners did not post impressive results in KCSE. This is what partly pushes school heads to do everything possible including getting involved in irregularities to post good results,” revealed Mr Manyara.

Mr Manyara further revealed that TSC, which employs teachers, has also on instances sent show cause letters to school heads whose institution fail to post impressive performance, hence their efforts to cover up.

According to Mr Manyara, the integrity of the 2022 exam results was questionable and should be investigated.

The KESSHA chairman stated that the buck stops with KNEC, accusing the body of not doing enough to safeguard examination materials prior to their due date.

“We can’t run away from the fact that there was massive cheating in 2022. It happened. We shall be unfair to the Kenyan child if we sidestep this fact. KNEC is the elephant in the room. It is not doing its work as expected,” said Mr Manyara.

According to him, rogue officers were allowing a section of the schools to access the materials to give their candidates an edge over others, giving false impressions on the student’s performance.

He called on Knec to limit the number of people accessing exam materials and introduce security features that would help trace the origin of the leaked materials.

“Marking schemes were circulating on social media before the exams were held. We doubted their authenticity only to learn they were genuine after the exams were done. The ICT team tasked with data entry after marking should be investigated. Some collude with principals to enter favorable grades in exchange for monetary favors,” said Mr Manyara.

During the public hearings in Nakuru City, stakeholders told the committee how various players play a part or contribute to cheating and other malpractices in administration of national exams.

Mr Francis Mugo, a teacher, suggested that individual universities should have their own entrance exams and not depend on KCSE to determine which applicants qualify to join the specific courses.

He said that this will curb cheating and ensure only deserving students are admitted to university saying that parents are paying hefty sums of money to schools which buy leaked exam materials.

He added that the Ministry of Education should stop categorising schools, terming it discriminatory and pushing principals to bend their integrity to save the face of their institutions and jobs.

“Teachers are under pressure to ensure their students go to universities. This is why some schools miraculously jumped their mean score with a deviation of more than four points,” said Mugo.

Ms Mirriam Ngima, an elder noted that teachers have also been largely involved in exam malpractices by interfering with the registration process of candidates at various centers.

“Some teachers are registering candidates based on performance in internal exams. The bright students are registered at one school while the rest are registered at another to manipulate the mean grades,” said Mr Ngima.

Lugari MP Nabii Nabwera lauded the residents for their insight noting that this will go a long way in transforming the country’s education system.

“Bad doctors and engineers who became who they are by manipulating our systems will only leave us suffering. We must clear the mess in our education system,” said Mr Nabii.

Kitutu Masaba MP Clive Ombane Gisairo echoed the sentiments by the residents calling for abolition of fun fare in the announcement of national examination results.

“I agree that we need to do away with the celebrations. Before having the fun fare, we need to know whether we are celebrating genuine results or mediocrity,” said Ombane.

Nyamira woman representative Jerusha Momanyi said that lack of integrity in KCSE exams was evident once the students were admitted at the universities.

“It is suspect that students with good KCSE grades select great courses but drop by second year applying to defer or inter-faculty transfer,” she observed.

The Committee on Education resolved to conduct a public inquiry into the allegations and make recommendations to the House, following a public outcry on alleged irregularities in the exams.

The results announced by Education Cabinet Secretary Ezekiel Machogu on January 20 drew mixed reactions from Kenyans, with some alleging cheating.

This was after schools in some counties recorded what was perceived to be extraordinarily good performances.

Case in point was Nyambaria and Mobamba high schools, both in Nyamira County, which had all their 488 and 388 candidates respectively securing the C+ minimum university entry requirement. Mobamba had a mean score of 5.11 in 2021, which it raised to 9.28 in last year’s exam.

National Assembly’s Departmental Committee on Education has kicked off public hearings on the alleged malpractices in the 2022 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) exams.

During the first session held in Nakuru City, stakeholders told the committee how various players play a part or contribute to cheating and other malpractices in the administration of national exams.

Fingers were pointed at Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and the general public for the vice that saw learners get illegitimate grades.

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Kamu Manyara, Nakuru County chair for Kenya Secondary School Heads Association (KESSHA), said the integrity of 2022 exam results was questionable and should be investigated.

“We can’t run away from the fact that there was massive cheating in 2022. It happened. We shall be unfair to the Kenyan child if we sidestep this fact,” said Mr Manyara.

In a memorandum to the committee, Manyara said that the buck stops with KNEC accusing the body of not doing enough to safeguard examination materials prior to their due date.

“KNEC is the elephant in the room. It is not doing its work as expected. How can else can we explain exam materials leaking before they get to containers or school?” he posed.

According to him, rogue officers allowed a section of the schools to access the materials to give their candidates an edge over others, giving a false impression of the performance.

“Marking schemes were circulating on social media before the exams were done. We doubted their authenticity only to learn they were genuine after the exams were done,” said Manyara.

He called on KNEC to limit the number of people accessing exam materials and introduce security features that would help trace the origin of the leaked materials.

“The ICT team tasked with data entry after marking should be investigated. Some collude with principals to enter favourable grades in exchange for monetary favours,” he said.

He regretted incidents reported of school heads being frog-marched out of their facilities by politicians and parents when candidates fail, saying such pressure drives them into unethical practices.

“TSC has also pegged promotion of teachers on candidates’ performance. These teachers are human. They have to find a way up. This contributes to cheating for their own benefit,” said Manyara.

Manyara revealed that TSC, which employs teachers, has on occasion sent show cause letters to school heads whose schools fail to post impressive performance hence their efforts to self-preserve.

Francis Mugo, a teacher, said that individual universities should have their own entrance exams and not depend on KCSE to determine which applicants qualify to join the specific courses.

“This will smoke out cheats and ensure only deserving students were admitted to the university. Cheating is happening. Parents are paying hefty sums of money to schools which buy leaked exam materials,” said Mugo.

He added that the Ministry of Education should cease categorization of schools, terming it discriminatory and pushing principals to bend their integrity to save the face of their institutions and jobs.

“Teachers are under pressure to ensure the children go to universities. This is why some schools miraculously jumped their mean score with a deviation of more than four points,” said Mugo.

Mirriam Ngima, an elder, noted that teachers have also been largely involved in exam malpractices by interfering with the registration process of candidates at various centres.

“Some teachers are registering candidates based on performance in internal exams. The bright students are registered at one school while the rest are registered at another to manipulate the mean grades,” said Ngima.

Chief Timothy Kitetu pointed out that some schools were known to have mastered the art of cheating on behalf of their candidates by paying out for their marks.

“Some schools are known to be a preserve for those who have money and can pay for grades. When a student from a rich family fails elsewhere, they are admitted to another where they leave with better grades fraudulently,” said Chief Kitetu.

Lugari MP Nabii Nabwera lauded the residents for their insight, noting that this will go a long way in transforming the country’s education system.

“Bad doctors and engineers who became who they are by manipulating our systems will only leave us suffering. We must clear the mess in our education system,” said Nabii.

Kitutu Masaba MP Ombane Gisairo echoed the sentiments of the residents calling for the abolition of fun fare in the announcement of national examination results.

“I agree that we need to do away with the celebrations. Before having the fun fare, we need to know whether we are celebrating genuine results or mediocrity,” said Ombane.

Nyamira Woman Rep Prof Jerusha Momanyi said that lack of integrity in KCSE exams was evident once the students were admitted to the universities.

“It is suspect that students with good KCSE grades select great courses but drop by second year applying to defer or inter-faculty transfer,” said Momanyi.

Members of Parliament will look into the entire examination process, starting from administration to the marking.

The National Assembly Education Committee on Tuesday met to plan logistics and implementation of the inquiry process.

Committee chairman Julius Melly said the results reflected a raft of anomalies, which made the committee want to investigate.

“We want to find out if there was cheating, how it happened. We are not saying there was cheating, we only want to ensure results are credible,”Melly said.

From Thursday this week, Melly said the team will engage senior officials that is Education CS Ezekiel Machogu, KNEC chief executive David Njeng’ere and Basic Education PS Belio Kipsang.

The 15 member team- split into two groups will go on a fact finding mission, to find out how cheating was executed, if there was any.

“We had schools which moved from a mean of 6 to 10. As a committee we have responsibility to find out what was it that happened,” he said.

Further, the lawmakers will also probe how the issues raised on examiners demotivation could have affected exam results.

“If an examiner is not motivated would his demotivated attitude affect results, and the relationship between centre mangers and examiners?”

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Melly added that the team will submit a report on its findings and recommendations after one month.

The committee invited the public to submit their views either orally or written from March 20 to March 27 in 11 counties.

According to a notice in the dailies signed by Clerk Samuel Njoroge, the committee has submitted nine terms of reference for the inquiry.

“To establish the trend and commence a comparative analysis of 2022 KCSE examination performance vis-à-vis performance of the preceding years 2019-2022,” the notice reads.

On the management side, Melly and the team will probe measures set by the Ministry of Education and Knec to curb cheating.

“To determine whether exam marking stations were adequately prepared in terms of marking schemes, the integrity of markers, award of marks and moderation process,” the notice reads.

The committee will further determine the efficiency, effectiveness and integrity of examination management officers from Knec headquarters deployed to schools.

This will also include carrying out a comprehensive audit of the Knec examination management system.

“This includes exam setting, printing, transportation, storage and marking,” the notice reads.

Further, MPs will determine whether there is a need to review the penalties for exam malpractice.

On March 20, the team will be in Nakuru at the Rift Valley regional commissioners plenary hall and at the Nyeri youth empowerment centre in Ruring’u.

“On March 21, we will be in Eldoret at Uasin Gishu Multi-Purpose hall and in Embu at the Kenya School of Government,” the notice reads.

“On March 22, the team will be at  Masinde Muliro University hall and Machakos youth centre. On March 23, Nyamira CDF hall and Kenya coast national polytechnic hall,” the notice reads.

On the last day of regional visits, March 24, the team will be at Kisumu, Grace Ogot hall and Wajir- ICT hall,” the notice reads.

On the final day of public hearings, the lawmakers will on March 27 be at mini chamber county hall Parliament Buildings, in Nairobi.

Overally, French and Computer Studies had the highest mean score of 12.0 while Chemistry recorded the least mean score of 9.1643.

KCSE 2022 Comparative Analysis Per Subject

Basic education PS Belio Kipsang has denied there was cheating during the 2022 KCSE exams.

Kipsang said teachers may have had early exposure to some exam papers but there was no leakage.

He spoke when the department appeared before the National Assembly Education committee on Friday.

“Teachers may have had early exposure to the second paper done at 11am, but I can tell you with certainty that no leakage happened in the first paper,” Kipsang said.

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The PS said the ministry and the examinations council have put in place tight measures to deal with early exposure of the second paper.

“This year 2023 examination we have a firm plan on how to deal with early exposure,” he said.

This is even as Education CS Ezekiel Machogu, PS Kipsang and Knec officials were summoned in a twin probe into alleged cheating in the 2022 KCSE exam begins in Parliament.

The top Education ministry officials will face Senate’s Education Committee to explain the widespread claims that the exam was marred with irregularities.